Excavation handbook 1988 newused copies available on amazon this comprehensive and detailed earthwork tome 1,024 pages includes sections on the geology of excavated materials, earthmoving methods, equipment and production, manual volume calculation methods not much used today, shrink swell factors, and bid preparation. The shrink percentage of the soil is useful for determining the amount of material that you need to keep on site for grading and back filling. The existing stripping and demolition surfaces can be applied too and are broken out separately on our report. If the 200 cubic yards of material had a shrink percentage of 10 and you would need to grade or back fill an area with a volume of 90 cubic yards then you would need to keep 100 cubic yards in bank. A soil decreases in volume when it is compacted shrinkage % 1 x 100 shrinkage factor 1 shrinkage compacted volume bank volume x shrinkage factor approximate material characteristics exact values will vary with grain size, moisture content, compaction, etc. Shrink swell adjustments fill factors can be entered with report regions see page 170 and balance regions see day 3 seminar handbook to adjust for cuttofill shrink swell but some agtek users dont enter them because they prefer to make their own shrink swell adjustments in a spreadsheet or on paper. Cflhd construction schedule template microsoft project template for cflhd work. The constant shrinking and swelling causes a lot of pressure and stress on the foundation. If the engineer calculates quantities, hell give the numbers in cubic yards, but wont specify what types of cubic yards are being presented. The shrinkage and bulkage factors for soils used in typical florida department of transportation fdot construction projects influence the initial and final estimate. Excavation and embankment cut and fill excavation the removal of soil or rock from its natural location. There can be a 5 foot section of it in one corner of your yard and 10 feet away it can be fine.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Swell factor and shrinkage factor free download as powerpoint presentation. Cf the compaction shrink or swell factor for the material on the project mass diagram calculations. In either case, the volume is calculated by multiplying the cut of fill depth by the area of the grid cell.
If you require additional services, please provide the details in advance. It should be noted for the first procedure that the estimation of cr ratio and soil 1 2 swell shrink factor 1. Densities of common materials densities of common products in both imperial and siunits. Ive know some engineers who dont understand the concepts of soil swell and shrinkage. Miscellaneous engineering related topics like beaufort wind scale, cemarking, drawing standards and more. The problem with shrinkswell soil is how it affects the foundation of your house. Cflhd construction schedule guidelines guidelines to use while developing cpm schedules. The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly affects the shrinkswell capacity of soil. Also supports shrink swell factors and export to pdf or excel. The shrink swell test is a simple test that is routinely employed in australian geotechnical engineering practice to assess quantita tiv ely the expansiv e potential of undisturbed or remolded. Geotechnical technical guidance manual may 2007 introduction 11 section 1 introduction this geotechnical technical guidance manual tgm provides technical guidance for geotechnical work performed by the federal lands highway flh.
Construction site earthwork calculation with advancement of technology there is a lot of progress in the way we take ground reading. From the values in this research, typical ranges for general. Application rates and unit weights used for estimating purposes list of estimated. Fuzzy decision support system to determine swell shrink factor 65 limit test results.
The geotechnical report usually defines where these areas are located. Engineering correlations for the characterisation of reactive soil behaviour for use in road design. How are these shrinkswell factors incorporated into the modeling. If you require a specific stripping depth, please provide it. Fissures or fault lines can cause seismic instabilities. Earthwork modeling stepbystep shrinkswell adjustments. Cutting is the process of excavating earth material from a work location to achieve the desired topography.
The shrinkage factor is used to estimate changes in earthwork volumes as soil materials are excavated from borrow pits, placed and compacted in fills or. Fuzzy decision support system to determine swellshrink factor 65 limit test results. Shrinkage and swell factors of soil or rock can significantly affect the effort and cost of an earthwork project. Crosssections are vertical profiles taken at right angles to the survey centerline. Also supports shrinkswell factors and export to pdf or excel.
Determine footing size these calculations are based on working loads and the allowable. While using the grid volume method for producing cut and fills we wanted to include the volume correction factor of 0. Some of these services are applying shrink and swell factors, creating special surfaces such as bore logs for. Where 100% represents the original volume, and shrinkage % represents the decrease in volume if compacted when placed. Shrink and swell factors definitions of shrink and swell factors and how they affect earthwork calculations. Calculates earthwork quantities using average end area method or a modified prismatic method. Alternate sections would be treated as end areas, separated by a distance 2d and the volume. The presence of water can cause soils to swell or shrink and freeze and thaw, which causes heaving. The excavation used for embankments will range from rock to earth and have shrinkswell factors assigned for design purposes. Shrink and swell factors are determined by the soils design section and provided to the designer.
Management conditions equipment conditions and maintenance practices skills of work force and management planning, supervision and. The following table lists swell factors for various engineering materials. Volumes are calculated using 3d triangulation models, the most accurate way to estimate. It should be noted for the first procedure that the estimation of cr ratio and soil 1 2 swellshrink factor 1. Im performing the calculations on terramodel and i was wondering about shrinkswell factors. Earthwork shrinkage calculation shrinkage factor calculations in earthwork projects constitute a major source of misunderstanding between road contractors and the departments of transportation. This information leads directly to the engineers estimate, which combines the computed quantities of work and the estimated unit bid prices. You can use these swell and load factors to plug into the equations above. The aim of using two different procedures with different parameters is to present a choice to the decisionmaker in accordance with the data at hand. Production rate spreadsheet approximate range of production rates typical for cflhd work. There are several cost effective and easy things that can be done to soil to minimize the effects of shrinkswell on the foundation. Earth is especially well suited for road construction projects. The cut or fill depth for each cell is found by subtracting the average existing level of the cell from the average proposed level. Earthwork calculation software software free download.
Shrinkswell factors for earthwork calculations civil. Top 4 download periodically updates software information of earthwork calculation software full versions from the publishers, but some information may be slightly outofdate using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for earthwork calculation software license key is illegal. Chapter sixtyfour quantity computations in addition to preparing clear and concise plans, as described in chapter 63, the designer needs to compile an accurate summary of the project quantities. Section 303 earthwork design wyoming department of. Shrink swell factors for earthwork calculations eric1037 geotechnical 15 jan 07 12. If the foundation is not properly designedconstructed to handle it, then it will crack. Engineering correlations for the characterisation of. Volume calculation software free download volume calculation top 4 download offers free software downloads for windows, mac, ios and android computers and mobile devices. Sep 06, 2017 the cut or fill depth for each cell is found by subtracting the average existing level of the cell from the average proposed level. A cubic yard of earth measured in its natural position swells to more. Instead, they depend on the earthwork estimator to do it. Visualizations are used to verify quantities and present findings with commands such as 3d drive simulation, 3d drawing viewer, 3d surface viewer, quick profile, cutfill color map and cutfill contours with daylight lines. Pdf some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid. But volumetric calculations done by software still have to presented in understandable manner even while getting different results from different software products.
Submit project dirtwork takeoffs, earthwork takeoffs. Sandy material will shrink and rocky material will swell. Estimating excavation revised craftsman book company. In this video, i want to show you how to calculate the amount of spoil that will need to excavate if we were to level our building site to a given reduced level using the grid method. Sep 26, 20 swell is expressed as a percentage of natural volume, for example, if 10 yd 3 in the ground becomes yd 3 after excavation, the swell factor is 30%.
Excavation and embankment cut and fill civil engineering. Earlier only auto levels were used, whereas now total station, gps, lidar are being used to take ground reading. Dots do not use swell factors or a result of the shrink factors applied to state earthwork calculations different dots use different factors depending on soil type. Excavation handbook 1988 newused copies available on amazon this comprehensive and detailed earthwork tome 1,024 pages includes sections on the geology of excavated materials, earthmoving methods, equipment and production, manual volume calculation methods not much used today, shrinkswell factors, and bid preparation.
Upon request we can apply shrink and swell factors, create special surfaces such as bore logs for rock layers, preload buildings, pickup vault over excavation and back fill. When caluclating the cut and fill with the factor it seems to work incorrectly. These estimates are based on the shrink swell index i ss. Swell % 1 x 100 load factor bank volume loose volume x load factor shrinkage.
The spreadsheet in exhibit 5 illustrates how the associated end areas and earthwork volumes are applied to calculate the mass. Embankment the placement and compaction of layers of earth or rock to form a roadbed of the planned shape, density, and profile grade. A foundation is defined as the engineered interface between the earth and the structure it. Conveyors maximum inclination maximum conveyor slopes for various materials. Some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid limit, plasticity index, activity and free swell index article pdf available in australian geomechanics journal 382. Dots do not use swell factors or a result of the shrink factor s applied to state earthwork calculations different dots use different factors depending on soil type. Shrinkage is the decrease in volume of earth once its been replaced and compacted compared to the volume of dirt in its natural state its not compared with the swell volume. Submit project dirtwork takeoffs, earthwork takeoffs dirt. Earth work calculation this forum is for helping with excel problems, it isnt a source of free software for professional bodies. Application of shrinkage and swelling factors on state. A geotechnical engineer or engineering service can use tests on soil bearings from the site to determine the ultimate bearing capacity, q u. The change from bank to loose volume is the swell of the excavated material the change from bank to compacted is the shrink of the excavated material bankswellloose bankshrinkcompacted if you need to remove the excavated material it would help to know the swell percentage for the soil you are excavating.
In real life scenarios, you can only estimate, so there is no perfect answer. Job conditions material type water level and moisture content job size length of haul haul road condition accessibility and load restrictions productivity factors cont. Site balence of cut and fill francesca civilenvironmental 17 jan 08 11. Definition and overview of how to calculate swell of various soils and. Shrink and swell factors using data furnished by the geotechnical unit, the designer must check the characteristics of the material to be excavated or placed in embankments. Construction schedulescflhd construction schedule guidelines guidelines to use while developing cpm schedulesproduction rate spreadsheet approximate range of production rates typical for cflhd workcfl.
Normally, various soil types are encountered when constructing projects potentially resulting in varying shrink or sell factors. The shrinkswell index of clay refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry. The shrink factor will make the insitu volume smaller, so it will be less than 1. Earth software demonstrations earthwork cut and fill. Soil and rock expansion or swell after mining engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Swell is expressed as a percentage of natural volume, for example, if 10 yd 3 in the ground becomes yd 3 after excavation, the swell factor is 30%. Various sections of a roadway design will require bringing in earth. If the resultant depth is positive then this is a fill cell, while a negative value indicates a cut cell. Soil with a high shrinkswell capacity is problematic and is known as shrinkswell soil, or expansive soil. Subtotals are typically required for defining areas of excavationembankment and subsequent placement at the bottom of the planprofile sheets. The shrinkage and swelling factors have a wide range for soils which are typical in the southeastern united states. These methods are meant to get you as close to the real thing as.
Earthwork calculation software software free download earthwork calculation software top 4 download offers free software downloads for windows, mac, ios and android computers and mobile devices. It provides guidance for understanding and applying policies, standards and criteria in recognition of the need to. This is much easier to remember and can save some valuable time on these easy problems that will be better used on harder and longer problems. Swell factor problems for your general contractors exam. Fill factors can be entered with report regions see page 170 and balance regions see day 3.
This document, the associated hardware, software, drawings, and other material set. The excavation used for embankments will range from rock to earth and have shrink swell factors assigned for design purposes. Shrinkswell adjustments earthwork software services. A foundation is defined as the engineered interface between the earth and the structure it supports. Construction work estimate of excavated bank soil with swell. Earthwork construction is the excavation, hauling, placing, and compaction of soil, gravel, or. These are just general calculations to give you an idea to help push you in the right direction. Constructionwork estimate of excavated bank soil with swell.
Earth software earthwork cut and fill calculation, grading and. Oct 08, 2018 in this video, i want to show you how to calculate the amount of spoil that will need to excavate if we were to level our building site to a given reduced level using the grid method. Im beginning to do earthwork calculations for site work. Some of these services are applying shrink and swell factors, creating special surfaces such as bore logs for rock layers, preloading buildings, vault excavation, backfill and utilities. Site balence of cut and fill earthworkgrading engineering. A cubic yard of earth measured in its natural position swells to more than a cubic yard after it is excavated.
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